daw_json_parse_real_decimal.h

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// Copyright (c) Darrell Wright
//
// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
// file LICENSE or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
//
// Official repository: https://github.com/beached/daw_json_link
//
 
#pragma once
 
#include "daw/json/impl/version.h"
 
#include "daw/json/impl/daw_json_parse_real_eisellemire.h"
#include "daw/json/impl/daw_json_parse_unsigned_int.h"
 
#include <daw/daw_arith_traits.h>
#include <daw/daw_bit_cast.h>
#include <daw/daw_not_null.h>
 
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdint>
#include <limits>
#include <type_traits>
 
namespace daw::json {
  inline namespace DAW_JSON_VER {
    namespace json_details {
      namespace decimal_details {
        // Simple Decimal Conversion, specialized for the rare case where a
        // long JSON significand straddles an IEEE-754 rounding boundary.
        // Binary64 requires at most 767 significant decimal digits to resolve
        // rounding, so one additional digit is retained.
        struct decimal_sequence {
          static constexpr std::size_t max_digits = 768;
          static constexpr std::int32_t decimal_point_limit = 2047;
 
          std::uint8_t digits[max_digits]{ };
          std::size_t digit_count = 0;
          std::int32_t decimal_point = 0;
          bool truncated = false;
 
          constexpr void push_digit( unsigned digit ) {
            if( digit_count < max_digits ) {
              digits[digit_count++] = static_cast<std::uint8_t>( digit );
            } else {
              truncated |= digit != 0;
            }
          }
 
          constexpr void trim( ) {
            while( digit_count != 0 and digits[digit_count - 1] == 0 ) {
              --digit_count;
            }
            if( digit_count == 0 ) {
              decimal_point = 0;
            }
          }
 
          // Compute decimal * 2^shift.  shift is at most 60, so each
          // digit-times-factor operation and its carry fit in uint64_t.
          constexpr void shift_left( unsigned shift ) {
            if( digit_count == 0 or shift == 0 ) {
              return;
            }
 
            DAW_CPP23_STATIC_LOCAL constexpr std::size_t max_growth = 19;
            std::uint8_t result[max_digits + max_growth]{ };
            auto write = max_digits + max_growth;
            auto read = digit_count;
            std::uint64_t carry = 0;
            auto const factor = std::uint64_t{ 1 } << shift;
 
            while( read != 0 ) {
              --read;
              auto const value =
                static_cast<std::uint64_t>( digits[read] ) * factor + carry;
              result[--write] = static_cast<std::uint8_t>( value % 10U );
              carry = value / 10U;
            }
            while( carry != 0 ) {
              result[--write] = static_cast<std::uint8_t>( carry % 10U );
              carry /= 10U;
            }
 
            auto const result_count = max_digits + max_growth - write;
            auto const growth = result_count - digit_count;
            decimal_point += static_cast<std::int32_t>( growth );
 
            auto const stored_count =
              result_count < max_digits ? result_count : max_digits;
            for( std::size_t n = 0; n < stored_count; ++n ) {
              digits[n] = result[write + n];
            }
            for( auto n = stored_count; n < result_count; ++n ) {
              truncated |= result[write + n] != 0;
            }
            digit_count = stored_count;
            trim( );
          }
 
          // Compute decimal * 2^-shift.  shift is at most 60.
          constexpr void shift_right( unsigned shift ) {
            if( digit_count == 0 or shift == 0 ) {
              return;
            }
 
            std::size_t read = 0;
            std::size_t write = 0;
            std::uint64_t value = 0;
            while( ( value >> shift ) == 0 ) {
              if( read < digit_count ) {
                value =
                  value * 10U + static_cast<std::uint64_t>( digits[read++] );
              } else if( value == 0 ) {
                return;
              } else {
                do {
                  value *= 10U;
                  ++read;
                } while( ( value >> shift ) == 0 );
                break;
              }
            }
 
            decimal_point -= static_cast<std::int32_t>( read - 1 );
            if( decimal_point < -decimal_point_limit ) {
              digit_count = 0;
              decimal_point = 0;
              truncated = false;
              return;
            }
 
            auto const mask = ( std::uint64_t{ 1 } << shift ) - 1U;
            while( read < digit_count ) {
              auto const digit = static_cast<std::uint8_t>( value >> shift );
              value = 10U * ( value & mask ) +
                      static_cast<std::uint64_t>( digits[read++] );
              digits[write++] = digit;
            }
            while( value != 0 ) {
              auto const digit = static_cast<std::uint8_t>( value >> shift );
              value = 10U * ( value & mask );
              if( write < max_digits ) {
                digits[write++] = digit;
              } else {
                truncated |= digit != 0;
              }
            }
            digit_count = write;
            trim( );
          }
 
          [[nodiscard]] constexpr std::uint64_t round( ) const {
            if( digit_count == 0 or decimal_point < 0 ) {
              return 0;
            }
            if( decimal_point >= 19 ) {
              return daw::max_value<std::uint64_t>;
            }
 
            auto const point = static_cast<std::size_t>( decimal_point );
            std::uint64_t result = 0;
            for( std::size_t n = 0; n < point; ++n ) {
              result *= 10U;
              if( n < digit_count ) {
                result += digits[n];
              }
            }
 
            bool round_up = false;
            if( point < digit_count ) {
              round_up = digits[point] >= 5;
              if( digits[point] == 5 and point + 1 == digit_count ) {
                round_up =
                  truncated or ( point != 0 and ( digits[point - 1] & 1U ) );
              }
            }
            return result + static_cast<std::uint64_t>( round_up );
          }
        };
 
        [[nodiscard]] constexpr std::int64_t
        saturating_add( std::int64_t lhs, std::int64_t rhs ) {
          DAW_CPP23_STATIC_LOCAL constexpr auto max_value =
            daw::max_value<std::int64_t>;
          DAW_CPP23_STATIC_LOCAL constexpr auto lowest_value =
            daw::lowest_value<std::int64_t>;
 
          if( rhs > 0 and lhs > max_value - rhs ) {
            return max_value;
          }
          if( rhs < 0 and lhs < lowest_value - rhs ) {
            return lowest_value;
          }
          return lhs + rhs;
        }
 
        [[nodiscard]] constexpr std::int64_t
        parse_exponent( char const *first, char const *last ) {
          if( first == nullptr or first == last ) {
            return 0;
          }
 
          bool negative = false;
          if( *first == '+' or *first == '-' ) {
            negative = *first == '-';
            ++first;
          }
 
          DAW_CPP23_STATIC_LOCAL constexpr auto positive_limit =
            static_cast<std::uint64_t>( daw::max_value<std::int64_t> );
          DAW_CPP23_STATIC_LOCAL constexpr auto negative_limit =
            positive_limit + 1U;
          auto const limit = negative ? negative_limit : positive_limit;
          std::uint64_t result = 0;
          bool overflow = false;
          while( first < last ) {
            auto const digit = parse_digit( *first++ );
            if( digit >= 10U ) {
              break;
            }
            if( result > ( limit - digit ) / 10U ) {
              result = limit;
              overflow = true;
            } else if( not overflow ) {
              result = result * 10U + digit;
            }
          }
 
          if( negative ) {
            if( result == negative_limit ) {
              return daw::lowest_value<std::int64_t>;
            }
            return -static_cast<std::int64_t>( result );
          }
          return static_cast<std::int64_t>( result );
        }
 
        [[nodiscard]] constexpr decimal_sequence
        parse_json_decimal( daw::not_null<char const *> first,
                            daw::not_null<char const *> const last ) {
          decimal_sequence result{ };
          if( *first == '-' ) {
            ++first;
          }
 
          std::int64_t decimal_point = 0;
          bool seen_nonzero = false;
          while( first < last and parse_digit( *first ) < 10U ) {
            auto const digit = parse_digit( *first++ );
            if( seen_nonzero or digit != 0 ) {
              seen_nonzero = true;
              result.push_digit( digit );
              ++decimal_point;
            }
          }
 
          if( first < last and *first == '.' ) {
            ++first;
            while( first < last and parse_digit( *first ) < 10U ) {
              auto const digit = parse_digit( *first++ );
              if( seen_nonzero or digit != 0 ) {
                seen_nonzero = true;
                result.push_digit( digit );
              } else {
                --decimal_point;
              }
            }
          }
 
          char const *exponent_first = nullptr;
          if( first < last and ( *first == 'e' or *first == 'E' ) ) {
            exponent_first = ++first;
          }
          decimal_point = saturating_add(
            decimal_point, parse_exponent( exponent_first, last.get( ) ) );
 
          if( not seen_nonzero ) {
            result.digit_count = 0;
            result.decimal_point = 0;
            result.truncated = false;
            return result;
          }
 
          if( decimal_point > decimal_sequence::decimal_point_limit ) {
            result.decimal_point = decimal_sequence::decimal_point_limit;
          } else if( decimal_point < -decimal_sequence::decimal_point_limit ) {
            result.decimal_point = -decimal_sequence::decimal_point_limit;
          } else {
            result.decimal_point = static_cast<std::int32_t>( decimal_point );
          }
          result.trim( );
          return result;
        }
 
        [[nodiscard]] constexpr unsigned
        shift_amount( std::int32_t decimal_places ) {
          constexpr unsigned powers[19] = {
            0,  3,  6,  9,  13, 16, 19, 23, 26, 29,
            33, 36, 39, 43, 46, 49, 53, 56, 59,
          };
          auto const places = static_cast<std::uint32_t>(
            decimal_places < 0 ? -decimal_places : decimal_places );
          return places < 19U ? powers[places] : 60U;
        }
 
        template<typename Real>
        [[nodiscard]] constexpr Real pack_real( bool negative,
                                                std::uint64_t mantissa,
                                                std::int32_t power2 ) {
          using format = eisellemire_details::binary_format<Real>;
          using uint_type = typename format::uint_type;
          auto const bits = static_cast<uint_type>(
            mantissa |
            ( static_cast<std::uint64_t>( power2 ) << format::mantissa_bits ) |
            ( static_cast<std::uint64_t>( negative ) << format::sign_bit ) );
          return DAW_BIT_CAST( Real, bits );
        }
      } // namespace decimal_details
 
      template<typename Real>
      [[nodiscard]] constexpr Real
      parse_json_real_exact( bool negative, daw::not_null<char const *> first,
                             daw::not_null<char const *> last ) {
        using format = eisellemire_details::binary_format<Real>;
        auto decimal = decimal_details::parse_json_decimal( first, last );
 
        if( decimal.digit_count == 0 ) {
          return decimal_details::pack_real<Real>( negative, 0, 0 );
        }
 
        // Below rounds to zero, above is infinity.  e.g. -324/310 for double
        // and -45/40 for float
        DAW_CPP23_STATIC_LOCAL constexpr std::int32_t smallest_decimal_point =
          std::numeric_limits<Real>::min_exponent10 -
          std::numeric_limits<Real>::digits10 - 2;
        DAW_CPP23_STATIC_LOCAL constexpr std::int32_t largest_decimal_point =
          std::numeric_limits<Real>::max_exponent10 + 2;
        if( decimal.decimal_point < smallest_decimal_point ) {
          return decimal_details::pack_real<Real>( negative, 0, 0 );
        }
        if( decimal.decimal_point >= largest_decimal_point ) {
          return decimal_details::pack_real<Real>(
            negative, 0, format::infinite_power );
        }
 
        std::int32_t exponent2 = 0;
        while( decimal.decimal_point > 0 ) {
          auto const shift =
            decimal_details::shift_amount( decimal.decimal_point );
          decimal.shift_right( shift );
          exponent2 += static_cast<std::int32_t>( shift );
        }
        while( decimal.decimal_point <= 0 ) {
          unsigned shift = 0;
          if( decimal.decimal_point == 0 ) {
            if( decimal.digits[0] >= 5 ) {
              break;
            }
            shift = decimal.digits[0] <= 1 ? 2U : 1U;
          } else {
            shift = decimal_details::shift_amount( decimal.decimal_point );
          }
          decimal.shift_left( shift );
          exponent2 -= static_cast<std::int32_t>( shift );
        }
 
        // decimal is now in [0.5, 1); IEEE formats use [1, 2).
        --exponent2;
        DAW_CPP23_STATIC_LOCAL constexpr auto minimum_exponent =
          1 - format::exponent_bias;
        while( exponent2 < minimum_exponent ) {
          auto shift = minimum_exponent - exponent2;
          if( shift > 60 ) {
            shift = 60;
          }
          decimal.shift_right( static_cast<unsigned>( shift ) );
          exponent2 += shift;
        }
 
        if( exponent2 - minimum_exponent + 1 >= format::infinite_power ) {
          return decimal_details::pack_real<Real>(
            negative, 0, format::infinite_power );
        }
 
        decimal.shift_left(
          static_cast<unsigned>( format::mantissa_bits + 1 ) );
        auto mantissa = decimal.round( );
        if( mantissa >=
            ( std::uint64_t{ 1 } << ( format::mantissa_bits + 1 ) ) ) {
          decimal.shift_right( 1 );
          ++exponent2;
          mantissa = decimal.round( );
          if( exponent2 - minimum_exponent + 1 >= format::infinite_power ) {
            return decimal_details::pack_real<Real>(
              negative, 0, format::infinite_power );
          }
        }
 
        auto power2 = exponent2 - minimum_exponent + 1;
        if( mantissa < ( std::uint64_t{ 1 } << format::mantissa_bits ) ) {
          --power2;
        }
        mantissa &= ( std::uint64_t{ 1 } << format::mantissa_bits ) - 1U;
        return decimal_details::pack_real<Real>( negative, mantissa, power2 );
      }
    } // namespace json_details
  } // namespace DAW_JSON_VER
} // namespace daw::json